Z`GWW @@@ @@@@C\ EN DB    7  ' / D M GOl  Amazeen1996 Bach-y-Rita1982 Bach-y-Rita1982B Bardy2003  Bardy2004 Bergamasco1997 Bergamasco M.2003 Berthoz2000 Bruner1949  Bruner1949! Carnap1967" Crick1990 Davide2003# Davidson Davidson1982$Davidson1982% Dennett1978& Dennett2001 Dettori2003 Ditton1997 Durlach1992' Farah1990(Fontaine1992) Gregory1997 Held1992 Heller1999* Heller1999 Ijsselsteijn2003w Ijsselsteijn2003 Ijsselsteijn2003+ Ijsselsteijn2003C, Ijsselsteijn2003- Johansson1973.Kahneman1984Kahneman1992/Lederman1986 Lombard1997 Lombard19970 Lombard19971Lovgren 2005 Mantovani19992 Mantovani19993 Minsky1980 O'Regan20004 O'Regan2000 O'Regan20015 O'Regan2001B Pagulayan2003  Proust19976 Proust19997Pylyshyn20018 Quine19609 Ramachandran Ramachandran1998 Riva2003w: Rock1964; Roskies1999< Sacks1998= Scholl2001Sheridan1992 Singer1998 Slater2000> Slater2000B Smart2003? Spelke1990@ Stein1993A Stoffregen2001B Stoffregen2003 Strawson1959CStrawson1959DTreisman1996 Turvey1996 Viviani1982E Welch1981 Witmer1998 Witmer1998F Witmer1998G Zahoric1998  Authors K Journals  Keywords                                      K Amazeen, E.L., Turvey, M.T.Bach-y-Rita, P.Bach-y-Rita, Paul Bardy, B. G.Bardy, B., Stoffregen, T.,&Bergamasco M., Frisoli A., Barbagli F.Bergamasco, M. Berthoz, A.Bruner, J., Postman, L. Carnap, R.Crick, F., Koch, C. Davide, F. Davidson, D.Davidson, Donald Davies, R. Parasuraman & R. Dennett, D. .Dennett, D. C.lfDettori, A., Avizzano, C.A., Marcheschi, S., Angerilli, M., Bergamasco, M., Loscos, C., Guerraz, A. Ditton, T. Durlach, N.I. Farah, M. J.Fontaine, G. (), , , (),,&G. Riva, F. Davide, W. A. IjsselsteijnGregory, R. L. Haas, M. W. Held, R.M.<7Heller, M. A., Calcaterra, , Green, J. A., Brown, S. L.<9Heller, M. A., Calcaterra, J. A., Green, S. L., Brown, L.Hettinger, L. J.Ijsselsteijn, W.Ijsselsteijn, W. A. Ijsselsteijn, W., Riva, G. Johansson, G. Kahneman, D., Treisman, A.83Kahneman, D., Treisman, A., Gibbs, B. (), "". , , .(%L. Illis, M. Sedgwick, & H. Granville(#Lederman, S., Thorne, G., Jones, B. Lombard, M .Lombard, M ., Ditton, T.`]Lombard, M ., Ditton, T. (), "", , see: http://www.ascusc.org/jcmc/vol3/issue2/lombard.html.Lovgren, StefanMantovani, G., Riva, G. Minsky, M.O'Regan, K., Noe, A.O'Regan, K., No, A.,&O'Regan, K., No, A. (), , , , , 2000.Pagulayan, R. J. Proust, J.Proust, JollePylyshyn, Z. W.Quine, W. V. O.("Ramachandran, V. S., Blakeslee, S.(#Ramachandran, V. S., Blakeslee, S.. Riva, G.Rock, I., Victor, J.Roskies, A. L. Sacks, O. Scholl, B. J.Sheridan, T.B. . Singer, M. J.Slater, M., Steed, A. Smart, L. J. Spelke, E. S. Stein, B. E., Meredith, M. E.Stoffregen, T. A.$Stoffregen, T. A., Bardy, B. G.Strawson, P. F.Strawson, Peter F. Treisman, A. Turvey, M. T.Viviani, P., Terzuolo, C. Welch, R. B., Warren, D. H. Witmer, B. G. Witmer, B. G., Singer, M. J. Zahoric, P., Jenison, R. L.  \American Psychologist Behavioral and brain sciences$Behavioural and brain sciences CognitionCognitive PsychologyCognitive science$Current opinion in neurobiology DialecticaERCIM News No.31 Erkenntnis0*Journal of computer-mediated communicationHBJournal of experimental psychology: human perception & performanceHDJournal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and PerformanceJournal of Personality|National Geographic News| Neuron NeuroscienceOmni Perception & psychophysics Perception and psychophysics<9Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Presence40Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments41Presence: Teleoperators, and Virtual EnvironmentsPsychological bulletin| Science Seminars in the neurosciencesTelepresence, Presence:  distality expectations movementi objectivity perception presence realismZsensory substitution surprisei telepresenceVRGFEjDtCr B^A@v?r>=t<;X:.'Riva, G. Davide, F. Ijsselsteijn, W. A.a 2003`ZBeing There. Concepts, effects and measurements of user presence in synthetic environments  Amsterdams  IOS PresssVR presence VRRock, I., Victor, J. 1964NGVision and touch; an experimentally created conflict between the sensesbSciencee 1435594-596iRoskies, A. L. 1999The binding probleml Neuron24 7-9b Sacks, O. 1998F?The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat and Other Clinical Talesu NY Simon & Schuster Scholl, B. J. 20012+Objects and attention: the state of the artr Cognitionu80 1-46Sheridan, T.B. . 19922,Musings on Telepresence and Virtual PresenceD>Telepresence, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments1120-126VRpresence telepresence VRSlater, M., Steed, A.r 2000 A virtual presence counter60Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments9\413-434oVR presence VRe"This paper describes a new measure for presence in immersive virtual environments (VEs) based on data that can be obtained unobtrusively during the course of a VE experience. At different times during an experience a participant will occasionally switch between interpreting the totality of sensory inputs as forming the VE or the real world. The number of transitions from virtual to real is counted, and using some simplifying assumptions, a probabilistic Markov Chain model can be constructed to model these transitions. This can be used to estimate the equilibrium probability of being present in the VE. This technique was applied in the context of an experiment to assess the relationship between presence and body movement in an immersive VE. The movement was that required by subjects to reach out and touch successive pieces on a Tri-Dimensional chess board. The experiment included 20 subjects, 10 of whom had to reach out to touch the chess pieces (active group), and the other 10 controls only had to click a hand-held mouse button. The results showed that amongst the active group there was a significant positive association between body movement and presence. The result lends support to interaction paradigms that are based on maximizing the match between sensory data and proprioception.Slater, M., Steed, A.i 2000 A virtual presence counter60Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments90413-434r Spelke, E. S. 1990&Principles of Object perception\Cognitive science014 29-564$Stein, B. E., Meredith, M. E.l 1993 The merging of the senses; Cambridge, Mass.  MIT Press1&Stoffregen, T. A., Bardy, B. G.s 2001&On specification and the senses\$Behavioural and brain sciences24195-261fB7Heller, M. A., Calcaterra, , Green, J. A., Brown, S. L.s 1999Intersensory conflict between vision and touch: the response modality dominates when precise, attention-riveting judgments are required"Perception and psychophysics617 1384-1398r9,8\76~ 54ff3D21z0/.-,+*@9Heller, M. A., Calcaterra, J. A., Green, S. L., Brown, L.t 1999Intersensory conflict between vision and touch: the response modality dominates when precise, attention-riveting jugements are requiredo Perception & psychophysics617 1384-1398Ijsselsteijn, W. 2003B;Presence in the past: what can we learn from media history?0 ,&G. Riva, F. Davide, W. A. Ijsselsteijn`YBeing there: concepts, effects and measurement of user presence in synthetic environments  Amsterdam  IOS Press Ijsselsteijn, W., Riva, G. 2003F@Being there: the experience of presence in mediated environments ,&G. Riva, F. Davide, W. A. IjsselsteijnVOBeing there, effects and measurement of user presence in synthetic environments  Amsterdam  IOS PressIjsselsteijn, W. 2003D>Presence in the past: what can we learn from media history?, s ,&G. Riva, F. Davide, W. A. Ijsselsteijn^XBeing there: concepts, effects and measurement of user presence in synthetic environment  Amsterdam  IOS Press Ijsselsteijn, W., Riva, G. 2003F@Being there: the experience of presence in mediated environments ,&G. Riva, F. Davide, W. A. IjsselsteijnVP Being there, effects and measurement of user presence in synthetic environments  Amsterdam  IOS Press Johansson, G.o 1973HAVisual perception of biologic motion and a model for its analysis Perception & Psychophysics14201-211"Kahneman, D., Treisman, A.o 19842,Changing views of attention and automaticity R. Parasuraman & R. DaviesVarieties of Attention New York Academic Press 29- 61:3Kahneman, D., Treisman, A., Gibbs, B. (), "". , , .m 1992PIThe reviewing of object files: Object-specific integration of information Cognitive Psychology24175-219 *#Lederman, S., Thorne, G., Jones, B.y 1986b[Perception of texture by vision and touch: multidimensionality and intersensory integrationlHBJournal of experimental psychology: human perception & performance12 2169-180 Lombard, M . Ditton, T.c 199781At the hearth of it all : the concept of Presencep0*Journal of computer-mediated communicationVRpresence$A number of emerging technologies including virtual reality, simulation rides, video conferencing, home theater, and high definition television are designed to provide media users with an illusion that a mediated experience is not mediated, a perception defined here as presence. Traditional media such as the telephone, radio, television, film, and many others offer a lesser degree of presence as well. This article examines the key concept of presence. It begins by noting practical and theoretical reasons for studying this concept. Six conceptualizations of presence found in a diverse set of literatures are identified and a detailed explication of the concept that incorporates these conceptualizations is presented. Existing research and speculation about the factors that encourage or discourage a sense of presence in media users as well as the physiological and psychological effects of presence are then outlined. Finally, suggestions concerning future systematic research about presence are presented.s:3http://www.ascusc.org/jcmc/vol3/issue2/lombard.htmlad]Lombard, M ., Ditton, T. (), "", , see: http://www.ascusc.org/jcmc/vol3/issue2/lombard.html.  199781At the hearth of it all : the concept of Presenceu0*Journal of computer-mediated communication:3http://www.ascusc.org/jcmc/vol3/issue2/lombard.htmlyLombard, M ., Ditton, T. 199781At the hearth of it all : the concept of Presenceu0*Journal of computer-mediated communication:3http://www.ascusc.org/jcmc/vol3/issue2/lombard.htmlLovgren, Stefan  200582The "Star Wars" Worlds: More Science Than Fiction?National Geographic NewsMantovani, G., Riva, G., 1999|uReal Presence : how different ontologies generate different criteria for presence, telepresence, and virtual presence{Presence8\5540-550|Mantovani, G., Riva, G.y 1999~wReal " Presence : how different ontologies generate different criteria for presence, telepresence, and virtual presencefPresence8}5G540-550} Minsky, M. 1980 Telepresence Omni 45-51a,&O'Regan, K., No, A. (), , , , , 2000. 2000Experience is not something we feel but something we do: a principled way of explaining sensory phenomenology, with Change Blindness and other empirical consequencesZSASSC Conference: THE UNITY OF CONSCIOUSNESS: BINDING, INTEGRATION, AND DISSOCIATION BrusselsJune 29-July 2, 2000,&O'Regan, K., No, A. (), , , , , 2000. 2000Experience is not something we feel but something we do: a principled way of explaining sensory phenomenology, with Change Blindness and other empirical consequencesZSASSC Conference: THE UNITY OF CONSCIOUSNESS: BINDING, INTEGRATION, AND DISSOCIATION BrusselsJune 29-July 2, 2000O'Regan, K., No, A. 2001@9A sensorimotor account of vision and visual consciousness}$Behavioral and brain sciencesf245,883-917fO'Regan, K., Noe, A. 2001@9A sensorimotor account of vision and visual consciousness0$Behavioural and brain sciences245Proust, Jolle 1997D=Comment l'esprit vient aux btes, Essai sur la reprsentation Paris  Gallimard  PHILOSOPHY& objectivity distality perception Proust, J. 199960Mind, space and objectivity in non-human animals Erkenntnis5114 41-58fPylyshyn, Z. W. 2001@:Visual indexes, preconceptual objects, and situated vision Cognition480 1-46Quine, W. V. O.t 1960Word and Objectr New York & Londont Wileyb*#Ramachandran, V. S., Blakeslee, S.. ("Ramachandran, V. S., Blakeslee, S. 1998Phantoms in the Brain New York William Morrow